English Grammar : Preposition (Governing word)

English Grammar : प्रिय विद्यार्थियों, “Mindbloom Study” (#1 Online Study Portal) आपके लिए लाया है English Grammar : Preposition (Governing word)

Preposition (Governing word)

Pre + position = Preposition

• Pre का अर्थ पहले (before) होता है, जबकि position का अर्थ स्थान (place) होता है। अतः preposition एक ऐसा word है, जो noun or pronoun के पहले प्रयुक्त होकर noun or pronoun का संबंध sentence के अन्य शब्दों से दिखलाता है।

• A preposition is a word used before a noun or pronoun to show its relation with the other words of the sentence.

The book is on the table.
The pen is in the inkpot.

Correct Use of Prepositions

1. Use of ‘At’

Rule (1) : At का प्रयोग छोटे स्थानों के नाम (name of smaller places) के पहले ‘में’ के अर्थ में होता है। जैसे –
My brother lives at Jajuar.
My sister-in-law lives at Darbhanga.

Rule (2) : At का प्रयोग नीचे दिये गए शब्दों के बाद ‘लक्ष्य’ के अर्थ को अभिव्यक्त करने के लिए किया जाता है। जैसे –
shout at / grumble at / shoot at / laugh at / mock at / bite at / look at / kick at / aim at / smile at / growl at

Rule ( 3 ) : At का प्रयोग समय को अभिव्यक्त करने के लिए ‘पर’/में के अर्थ में होता है। जैसे –
He will reach at 5 a.m.
He came at 6 O’ clock.

Rule (4) : At का प्रयोग नीचे दिये गए शब्दों के पहले होता है। जैसे —
At home
At the station
At a party
At page 50
At school
At the airport
At a match
At the bottom
At the theatre
At a lecture
At university
At the bus stop
At a Conference
At the bridge
At the platform
At the top

Rule (5) : ‘At’ का प्रयोग समय सूचक शब्दों के पहले होता है।
At night
At noon
At dawn
Atdusk
At midnight
At afternoon
At daybreak
At twilight

Rule (6) : At का प्रयोग कीमत/दर/चाल की दर को अभिव्यक्त करने वाले शब्दों के पहले होता है। जैसे –
Milk sells at Rs. 22/a litre.

Rule (7) : At का प्रयोग निम्नलिखित शब्दों के पहले होता है। जैसे –
At this moment
At this juncture
At bed time
At this hour
At Easter
At Christmas

Rule (8) : At का प्रयोग temporary action (अस्थायी कार्य) को अभिव्यक्त करने के लिए किया जाता है। जैसे –
He is at work.
She is at play.

Rule (9) : At का प्रयोग उम्र (age) तथा चरण (stage) को अभिव्यक्त करने वाले शब्दों के पहले होता है। जैसे –
My grandfather died at the age of sixty.
I left college at twenty five.

2. Use of ‘In’

Rule (1) : In का प्रयोग बड़े स्थानों (bigger places) जैसे—देश, शहर, महादेश, राज्य, महानगर आदि के नामों के पहले होता है। जैसे—
We live in India/Bihar/Asia/Mumbai/Bihar Sharif.

Rule (2) : In का प्रयोग निम्नलिखित phrases में होता है। जैसे –
In the night.                 
In the morning.
In the evening.            
In the afternoon.

ध्यान दें : In the night or at night के प्रयोग में फर्क होता है।

Note : In the night का प्रयोग ‘किसी निश्चित रात’ के अर्थ में होता है, जबकि at night का प्रयोग ‘किसी रात’ के अर्थ में होता है।

Rule (3) : In का प्रयोग निम्नलिखित शब्दों के पहले ‘में या के अंदर’ के अर्थ में होता है। जैसे –
In the world
In the sky
In a letter
In a town
In prison
In a newspaper
In a queue
In a street
In the room
In the bag
In church
In a city
In the house
In the bus

Rule (4) : In का प्रयोग permanent action (स्थायी कार्य) को अभिव्यक्त करने के लिए किया जाता है। जैसे —
His brother is in the Army.
I am in the education.
He is in the Navy.
He is in the politics.

Rule (6) : In का प्रयोग A/An + car/taxi/Jeep के पहले होता है। जैसे —
He goes to college in a car.

Rule (7) : In का प्रयोग possessive adjectives + car/taxi/jeep के पहले होता है। जैसे —
He is sitting in his car.

3. Use of ‘Into’

Rule (1) : Into का प्रयोग motion inside anything (किसी चीज के भीतर की ओर गति) के भाव को अभिव्यक्त करने के लिए किया जाता है। जैसे —
The frog fell into the well.
The robbers broke into my house.

Rule (2) : Into का प्रयोग एक माध्यम से दूसरे माध्यम में या एक अवस्था से दूसरे अवस्था में परिवर्तन के लिए होता है। जैसे —
Translate into English.
Milk turns into curd.
Water turns into ice.

Rule (3) : Into का प्रयोग ‘का/के/की के’ अर्थ में भी होता है। जैसे —
The police inspector enquired into the case.
That old man has insight into man’s character.

Rule (4) : Into का प्रयोग verbs के बाद होने पर उसका अर्थ परिवर्तित हो जाता है। जैसे—
Break into = जबरदस्ती प्रवेश करना
Do into = अनुवाद करना
Eat into = नष्ट करना
Let into = अनुमति देना
See into = विचार करना
Look into = जाँच करना
Turn into = अनुवाद करना, बदलना

4. Use of ‘On’

Rule (1) : On का प्रयोग ‘स्थान स्पर्श’ के भाव को अभिव्यक्त करने के लिए ‘पर’ के अर्थ में होता है। जैसे —
There are two books on the table.
He was carrying a suitcase on his head.

Rule (2) : On का प्रयोग ‘को’/’पर’ के अर्थ में time expressing words (समय को सूचित करने वाले शब्दों) के पहले होता है। निश्चितता के भाव का बोध होने पर ऐसा प्रयोग होता है। जैसे —
On Monday
On Tuesday
On Monday evening
On the morning of the event
On the evening of the 1st January
On the same night

Rule (3) : On का प्रयोग A/An/the + bus/train/aeroplane/ship के पहले होता है। जैसे —
He was on a bus/a train/a plane/a ship.

Rule (4) : On  का प्रयोग A/An + cycle/scooter/motorcycle के पहले होता है। जैसे—
He was on a cycle/a scooter/a motorcycle.

Rule (5): On का प्रयोग Possessive Adjectives + cycle/scooter/motorcycle के पहले होता है। जैसे —
He goes to school on his cycle/scooter/motorcycle.

Rule (6) : On का प्रयोग foot, horse’s back, a horse, a camel, a camel’s back, an elephant, elephant’s back, a buffalo, buffalo’s back के पहले होता है। जैसे —
He walks on foot.       
He was riding on a horse.

Rule (7) : On का प्रयोग ‘की ओर’ के अर्थ में Direction (दिशा) का बोध कराने के लिए होता है। जैसे —
The robber drew a dagger (खंजर) on him.

Rule (8) : On का प्रयोग निम्नलिखित शब्दों के पहले होता है। जैसे —
on television
on a diet
on a cold day
on holiday
on the radio
on the phone
on business
on a tour
on demand
on 15th March
on duty
on loan
on the telephone
on a trip
on page 50
on guard
on the whole sale
on strike
on leave
on fire
on the wall
on a journey
on the committee

Rule (9) : On का प्रयोग ‘के विषय/संबंध में के अर्थ में होता है। जैसे —
This is a book on English Grammar.
This book is on Phulan Devi.

Rule (10) : On का प्रयोग ‘आधिकारिक रूप से सदस्य’ होने के भाव को अभिव्यक्त करने के लिए किया जाता है। जैसे —
He is on the staff of the B.P.S.C.
She is on the committee.

Rule (11) : On का प्रयोग कुछ phrases में भी होता है। जैसे —
on the first floor
on the second floor
on the left
On a list
on the ground floor
on the front of a letter
on the back of paper
on the right

5. Use of ‘Between’

Rule (1) : Between का शाब्दिक अर्थ ‘के बीच में’ होता है। इसका प्रयोग two persons or things (दो व्यक्तियों या वस्तुओं) के लिए होता है। जैसे —
She was sitting between her husband and her father.
Divide these mangoes between you and me.

ध्यान दे :-
• Between के बाद ‘and’ का प्रयोग होता है न कि to का।
• Between  के बाद हमेशा objective case के pronoun का प्रयोग होता है न कि nominative case के pronoun का।

Rule (2) : Between के बाद each, every का प्रयोग नहीं होता है। जैसे —
That batsman blew a whistle between each ball. (x)
That batsman blew a whistle between the balls. (✓)

Note : Between के बाद each/every + S. N + and + the next का प्रयोग होता है। जैसे —
There is good relation between each boy and the next.
There is friendship between every girl and the next.

Rule (3) : Between का प्रयोग दो से अधिक व्यक्तियों या वस्तुओं के बीच पारस्परिक संबंध (reciprocal relationship) बताने के लिए किया जाता है। जैसे —
There is co-operation between these three families. (✓)
There is co-operation among these three families. (x)
There is alliance between these six countries. (✓)
There is alliance among these six countries. (x)

ध्यान दें :- Between का प्रयोग differences के बाद होता है, Among का नहीं। जैसे —
What are the differences between oxen and bulls ? (✓)
What are the differences among oxen and bulls ? (x)

6. Use of ‘Among’

Rule (1) : Among का शाब्दिक अर्थ ‘के बीच में’ होता है। इसका प्रयोग more than two persons or things (दो से अधिक व्यक्तियों या वस्तुओं) के लिए होता है। जैसे —
Divide these mangoes among the children. (✓)
Divide these mangoes between the children. (x)

Note : Among और Amongst के प्रयोग में फर्क
(i) Among और Amongst का प्रयोग consonant starting plural noun के पहले होता है। जैसे—
Among the boys. (✓)
Amongst the boys. (✓)
(ii) जबकि vowel starting words के पहले amongst का प्रयोग होता है, न कि Among का। जैसे—
Amongst our brothers. (✓)
Among our brothers. (x)
Amongst us. (✓)
Among us. (x)

7. Use of ‘Beside’ and ‘Besides’

• Beside का प्रयोग ‘बगल में’ ‘समीप या बाहर (by the side of/out side) के अर्थ में होता है। जैसे —
Go and sit beside your father.
The child was sitting beside the mother.

• जबकि Besides का प्रयोग ‘अतिरिक्त’/’के अलावा’ (in addition to) के अर्थ में होता है। जैसे —
Besides Sweta, all of the girls were present in the class.
Besides the Ramayana, I have the Gita.
Besides Hindi, I know English and Russian.

Note : (1) Besides तथा except का प्रयोग ‘के अतिरिक्त’/’के अलावे’ के अर्थ में सामान्यतः होता है।

(2) Besides plus (+) or addition का अर्थ रखता है, जबकि except minus (-) or subtraction का अर्थ रखता है। यही Besides तथा except में फर्क होता है। जैसे —
Besides a book, you have bought a note book.
Except Mohan, I like all the boys.

8. Use of ‘Above’

Rule (1) : Above का प्रयोग ‘ऊपर’ (higher than/over) के अर्थ में सामान्यतः होता है। जैसे —
The kites rose above the cloud.
The aeroplane is flying above the cloud.

Rule (2) : Above का प्रयोग more than in number or quantity (संख्या या मात्रा में अधिक) के अर्थ में होता है। जैसे —
There are above fifty students in the class.
Her expenses are above her means.

Rule (3) : Above का प्रयोग ‘से परे’ (superior to) के अर्थ में होता है। जैसे —
Sudhir jee is a publisher above suspicion.

Rule (4) : Above का प्रयोग level बताने के लिए होता है। जैसे —
Mount Everest is 8848 metres above sea level.

9. Use of ‘Over’

Rule (1) : Over का प्रयोग ‘के ऊपर’ (स्पर्श करते हुए) के अर्थ में होता है। जैसे —
Please spread the cloth over the table.

Rule (2) : Over का प्रयोग ‘के ऊपर’ (स्पर्श नहीं करता हुआ) के अर्थ में होता है। जैसे —
The clouds are over our heads.
The plane is flying over the town.

Rule (3) : Over का प्रयोग all over (सर्वत्र/सभी जगह) के अर्थ में होता है। जैसे —
English is spoken all over the world.
He has friends all over the country.

Rule (4) : Over का प्रयोग more than (से अधिक) के अर्थ में होता है। जैसे —
Mr. Ganguly is over forty.
His income is not over his expenses.

Rule (5) : Over का प्रयोग to be over (समाप्त होने) के अर्थ में होता है। जैसे —
The college is over at 4 p.m.

Rule (6) : Over का प्रयोग ‘एक छोर से दूसरे छोर’ या ‘आर-पार’ के अर्थ में होता है। जैसे —
There is a bridge over the river.

Note: (i) Across का प्रयोग भी इस अर्थ में होता है। जैसे —
There is a bridge across the river.
(ii) Across का प्रयोग ‘के उस पार’ के अर्थ में भी होता है। जैसे —
My uncle lived just across Ashok Rajpath.

Rule (7) : Over का प्रयोग In excess (अत्यधिक) के अर्थ में भी होता है। अत्यधिक का अर्थ यहाँ आवश्यकता से अधिक है। जैसे —
He overworks in the factory.
My father overtook me.

Note : कुछ ऐसे verbs हैं, जिनके आगे over जुड़कर उनके अर्थ में परिवर्तन कर देता है। जैसे —
Overeat — आवश्यकता से अधिक खाना
over wise — आवश्यकता से अधिक चतुर
Overdraw — जमा की गई राशि से अधिक निकालना
Overcrowd — आवश्यकता से अधिक भीड़ लगाना

10. Use of ‘Upon’

Rule (1) : Upon का प्रयोग things in motion (वस्तुएँ जो गति में हो) के लिए होता है। जैसे —
The dog sprang upon the table.
The lion sprang upon the prey.

11. Use of ‘Below’

Rule (1) : Below का प्रयोग lower than (से नीचे) के अर्थ में होता है। जैसे —
My father is below seventy. (✓)
My father is under seventy. (x)

Rule (2) : Below का प्रयोग less than (से कम) के अर्थ में होता है। जैसे —
His income is below Rs. 5000/- a month. (✓)
His income is under Rs. 5000/- a month. (x)

Rule (3) : Below का प्रयोग inferior to (से निम्न/नीचे) के अर्थ में होता है। जैसे —
This work is below my dignity. (✓)
This work is under my dignity. (x)

12. Use of ‘Under’

Rule (1) : Under का प्रयोग सामान्यतः ‘नीचे’ के अर्थ में होता है। जैसे —
He was sitting under the tree.
The cat is sitting under the chair.

Rule (2) : Under का प्रयोग ‘अधीन’ के अर्थ में होता है। जैसे —
A writer is under the publisher.
Administration is under the government.

Rule (3) : Under का प्रयोग less than (से कम) के अर्थ में होता है। जैसे —
She was under age. (उसकी उम्र अवश्यकता से कम थी।
I have under rupees two hundred. (मेरे पास दो सौ रुपये से कम है।)

Rule (4) : Under का प्रयोग according to (के अनुसार) के अर्थ में होता है। जैसे —
The police arrested the terrorist under the warrant of the court.
I inherited the property under my mother’s will.

Rule (5) : Under का प्रयोग in the course of; during the time of (अवस्था में) के अर्थ में होता है। जैसे —
He has written this book under suspicion.

13. Use of ‘Beneath’

Rule (1) : Beneath का प्रयोग ‘नीचे’ के अर्थ में सामान्यतः होता है। जैसे —
He was sitting beneath the tree.

Note : Under तथा beneath का प्रयोग बिना किसी अंतर का होता है।

14. Use of ‘Behind’

Rule (1) : Behind का प्रयोग At the back of (के पीछे) के अर्थ में होता है। जैसे—
My daughter was hiding behind the door.
He has left nothing behind him.

15. Use of ‘By’

Rule (1) : By का प्रयोग ‘के किनारे/के समीप’ के अर्थ में होता है। इस अर्थ में By तथा Beside का प्रयोग एक-दूसरे के बदले होता है। जैसे —
The child came and sat by her.
The child came and sat beside her.
Her village is by the river.
Her village is beside the river.

Rule (2) : By का प्रयोग ‘निर्दिष्ट समय से पहले’ या ‘तक’ के अर्थ में होता है। जैसे—
The Rajadhani Express will arrive here by 11 O’clock.
By the end of this month, she will have returned from Mumbai.

Rule (3) : By का प्रयोग ‘से’/’द्वारा’ के अर्थ में यातायात के साधन के पहले होता है। जैसे —
By cycle/By aeroplane/By boat/By scooter/By motorcycle/By plane/By train/By helicopter/By ship/By steamer/By taxi/By car/By jeep

He goes to college by train.
He comes here by scooter.

Rule (4) : By का प्रयोग during (के दौरान/दरम्यान) के अर्थ में होता है। जैसे —
He travelled by night.
The sun shines by day.

Rule (5) : By का प्रयोग Passive voice में ‘के द्वारा’ के अर्थ में passive object के पहले होता है। जैसे —
The boy was beaten by the teacher.

Rule (6) : By का प्रयोग rate (दर), weight (वजन), measurement (माप) expressing words (अभिव्यक्त करने वाले शब्दों) के पहले होता है। जैसे —
Apples are sold by the kilo.
This room is 10 ft. by 8 ft.
Silver is sold by the gram.

Rule (7) : By का प्रयोग ऐसे कार्य के पहले होता है, जिससे परिणाम प्राप्त होता है। जैसे —
Veena got a prize by hard work.
Veena got a prize with hard work.

Rule (8) : By का प्रयोग विधि/तरीका (method) के अर्थ में होता है। जैसे —
By cheque/By post/By bankdraft/By mail/By order/By hand/By money/By messenger

Rule (9) : By का प्रयोग ‘मार्ग’/’रास्ते से’ के अर्थ में होता है। जैसे —
By air — वायु मार्ग से
By sea — समुद्री मार्ग से
By underground — भूमिगत मार्ग से
By rail — रेल मार्ग से
By road — सड़क मार्ग से

Rule (10) : By का प्रयोग phrases में भी होता है। जैसे —
By chance — संयोग से
By force — जबर्दस्ती
By two years — दो वर्षो से
By the neck — गला से
By heart — कंठस्थ
By God — ईश्वर की शपथ
By myself — अकेला
By mistake — गलती से

16. Use of ‘of’

Rule (1) : of का प्रयोग ‘से’ के अर्थ में कारण के भाव को अभिव्यक्त करने के लिए किया जाता है। जैसे —
She died of fever.
He died of malaria.
His wife is tired of work.
I am fond of music.

Note : (i) यदि किसी व्यक्ति की मृत्यु illness/disease (बीमारी), hunger/starvation (भूख), thirst (प्यास), grief (दु:ख), shame (शर्म) के कारण होती है, तो die के बाद of का प्रयोग होता है, न कि from, with, by का। जैसे — He died of grief.
(ii) यदि किसी व्यक्ति की मृत्यु wound (घाव), over eating, over drinking, food poisoning के कारण होती है, तो die के बाद from preposition का प्रयोग होता है, न कि of, with, by, for का । जैसे—
He died from a wound.
(iii) यदि किसी व्यक्ति की मृत्यु आत्महत्या (one’s own hand or suicide) व हिंसा (violence) के कारण होती है, तो die के बाद by preposition का प्रयोग होता है, न कि of, with, from, for का । जैसे —
He died by violence.
(iv) यदि किसी व्यक्ति की मृत्यु लापरवाही (negligent) के कारण होती है, तो die के बाद through preposition का प्रयोग होता है, न कि other prepositions का। जैसे—
His grandfather died through neglect.
(v) यदि कोई व्यक्ति अपने देश व अपने विश्वास के लिए मर जाता है, तो die के बाद for preposition का प्रयोग होता है, न कि from, of, with, by, through का। जैसे —
He died for his country.
She died for her belief.
(vi) यदि किसी व्यक्ति की मृत्यु युद्ध के मैदान में / बिस्तर पर होती है, तो die के बाद in preposition का प्रयोग होता है, न कि other prepositions का। जैसे —
He died in battle.
He died in his bed.

ध्यान दें : (i) Die in harness का प्रयोग ‘अंतिम समय तक काम करते-करते मरना’ के अर्थ में होता है। जैसे —
Ram Lakhanbabu died in harness.
(ii) Die का प्रयोग ‘के साथ समाप्त होना’ या ‘विलुप्त होना’ के अर्थ में होने पर, इसके बाद with preposition का प्रयोग होता है। जैसे —
Die with somebody
She died with her lover.
(iii) Cause के बाद of तथा Reason के बाद for का प्रयोग होता है। जैसे —
What is the cause of murder?
What is the reason for the absence of the teacher?

Rule (2) : of का प्रयोग ‘का’, ‘के’, ‘की’ के अर्थ में संबंध या अधिकार के भाव को अभिव्यक्त करने के लिए किया जाता है। जैसे —
Mr. A.K. Thakur is the son of Shree Maneshwar Thakur.
This is the publication of Sudhirjee.

Rule (3) : Of का प्रयोग में के अर्थ में होता है, न कि in, into का । जैसे —
Binay is confident of his success.
Binay is confident in/into his success. (×)
My brother-in-law is weak of understanding.
My brother-in-law is weak in/into understanding. (×)

Rule (4) : Of का प्रयोग ‘में से’ के अर्थ में होता है। जैसे—
Mr. Mishra is one of my friends.
I have eaten one of those apples.

Rule (5) : Of का प्रयोग ‘के बारे में’/ ‘के विषय में’ के संबंध में के अर्थ में होता है। जैसे —
He has heard of that accident.
Someone has informed the police of the robbery.
Do you know of me ?

Rule (6) : ‘Of’ का प्रयोग origin/sources (स्रोत) के भाव को अभिव्यक्त करने के लिए होता है। जैसे—
Pandit Nehru came of a rich family.
This house is made of bricks.

Rule (7) : ‘Of’ का प्रयोग quality (गुण), possession (अधिकार), apposition (समानाधिकरण), space in time or point of reference के अर्थ में होता है। जैसे—
Our publisher is a man of principle. — Quality
I lived in the house of Anand. — Possession
Vikas, the son of Mr. Chandra Kishore Thakur, got married. — Apposition
The doctor came back within an hour of the appointed time. — Space in time
Guriya is blind of one eye. — Point of reference

Rule (8) : Of का प्रयोग कुछ शब्दों के बाद या phrases में होता है। जैस —
full of
sure of
think of
cured of
short of money
aware of
ashamed of
hard of heart
proud of
get rid of
the first of August
A dress of cotton
A mile of the town
take care of
accused of crime
worth of

17. Use of ‘Off’

Rule (1) : Off का प्रयोग ‘at a distance from’, far from के अर्थ में separation (बिलगाव) के भाव को अभिव्यक्त करने के लिए किया जाता है। जैसे —
There was a village a little way off the sea coast.
That oldman fell off the ladder.
He put off his coat.

18. Use of ’till’ and ‘until’

• Till/until का प्रयोग ‘तक’ के अर्थ में ending time के पहले होता है। जबकि starting time के पहले from का प्रयोग होता है। जैसे—
He works in the factory from 9 a.m. till 3 p.m.
He works in the factory from 9 a.m. until 3 p.m.

ध्यान दें : ‘To’ का प्रयोग भी ending time के पहले ‘तक’ के अर्थ में होता है। जैसे —He works in the factory from 9 a.m. to 3 p.m.

19. Use of ‘In front of’

• ‘In front of’ का प्रयोग सामान्यतः ‘के सामने’ के अर्थ में होता है। यह सदा वस्तु के लिए प्रयुक्त होता है। जैसे —
There is a tree in front of my house. (✓)
There was a beautiful garden in front of my school. (✓)
There is a tree before my house. (x)
There was a beautiful garden before my school. (x)

Note: In front of तथा Before का प्रयोग ‘के सामने’ के अर्थ में इस प्रकार भी होता है। जैसे —
Manoj is standing in front of me in the queue.  (✓)
Manoj is standing before me in the queue. (✓)

20. Use of ‘Around’ and ‘Round’

Rule (1) : Around का प्रयोग ‘बाहर से चारों ओर’, ‘यहाँ-वहाँ’, ‘बहुत स्थानों में’ तथा ‘के विभिन्न भागों में’ के अर्थ में होता है। जैसे —
They were sitting around the garden. वे लोग उद्यान के विभिन्न भागों में बैठे हुए थे।
Stop walking around and start some business. यहाँ-वहाँ टहलना बंद करो और कोई व्यापार प्रारंभ करो।

Rule (2) : जबकि round का प्रयोग ‘चारों ओर’ के अर्थ में वृत्ताकार पथ तथा वक्राकार पथ के लिए होता है। जैसे —
We were sitting round the dinning table.
The earth moves round the sun.

Rule (3) : Around का प्रयोग ‘लगभग’ के अर्थ में होता है। जैसे —
There were around fifty students in the class.

21. Use of ‘Amid’ and ‘Amidst’

Rule (1) : Amid/ Amidst का प्रयोग ‘के बीच में’ (in the middle of) के अर्थ में place को सूचित करने के लिए किया जाता है। जैसे —
A beautiful girl was sitting amid/amidst the young. एक सुन्दर लड़की जवान व्यक्तियों के बीच में बैठी हुई थी।
There was a small cottage amid/amidst the building. मकानों के बीच में एक छोटी झोपड़ी थी।

Rule (2) : Uncountable nouns के पहले ‘के बीच में’ के अर्थ में Amid/Amidst का प्रयोग होता है, न कि Among/Amongst का। जैसे —
Honesty is useless amid/amidst dishonesty.

22. Use of ‘Up’ and Down’

Rule (1) : Up का प्रयोग ‘ऊपर को’, ‘ऊँचा’, ‘चरम सीमा पर’, ‘ऊपर’ के अर्थ में होता है। जैसे —
He got up to ask a question.
Prices of articles are still going up.
Climb up a tree.

Up and down — इधर-उधर
Ups and downs — भाग्य का उत्थान-पतन
On the up — ईमानदार, सच्चा
Up with — उठाना

Rule (2) : Down का प्रयोग ‘नीचे’, ‘उतराव’, ‘गिरावट’ के अर्थ में होता है। जैसे—
The sun has gone down.
Jump down carefully.
Sit down please.

Bent down — झुका हुआ
Down to the ground — पूर्ण रूप से
Down to the present day — आज तक
To get down — उतरना
To hiss down — चुप करना

23. Use of ‘Through’

Rule (1) : Through का प्रयोग by means of (के माधयम से) के अर्थ में होता है। जैसे—
He knew it through a newspaper.

Rule (2) : Through का प्रयोग from one side to the other (इस पार से उस पार तक/आर-पार) के अर्थ में होता है। जैसे —
The beggar went through the market.
Can you see through glass?

Rule (3) : जबकि throughout का प्रयोग in every part of (प्रत्येक स्थान पर/हर जगह) के अर्थ में होता है। जैसे —
He was with me throughout the day.

Rule (4) : Through का प्रयोग from beginning to the end (शुरु से आखिर तक) के अर्थ में होता है। जैसे —
People got bored and could not sit through the night.

Note:
(i) Get through = परीक्षा में उत्तीर्ण होना। जैसे —
They got through the examination. वे लोग परीक्षा में उत्तीर्ण हुए।
(ii) Go through = अनुभव करना। जैसे —
He went through many difficulties.
(iii) All through the year = सालोभर
(iv) Through life = जीवन

24. Use of ‘Beyond’

Rule (1) : Beyond का प्रयोग the farther side of (उस तरफ/उससे आगे) के अर्थ में होता है। जैसे—
Don’t go beyond the river.
There is a village beyond the pond.

Rule (2) : Beyond का प्रयोग later than (बाद तक) के अर्थ में समय को सूचित करने वाले शब्दों के पहले होता है। जैसे—
Don’t remain out beyond midnight.

Rule (3) : Beyond का प्रयोग except (सिवाय/इसके अलावे) के अर्थ में होता है। जैसे—
My uncle has nothing beyond his provident fund.

To get beyond — पहुँच से बाहर होना
To go beyond — नीलाम में

25. Use of ‘During’

Rule (1) : During का प्रयोग in course of (दौरान/दरम्यान) के अर्थ में सामान्यतः होता है। जैसे —
The sun gives us light during the day.
Nobody would talk during my discourse.

Rule (2) : During का प्रयोग certain period of time के पहले होता है। जैसे—
During the war
During the strike
During the meeting
During the middle age
During Dipawali
During the month
During the year
During the morning
During Holi
During the winter
During Easter
During his childhood
During the function
During the examination
During the summer vacation
During the summer
During the week
During the day
During the night
During the spring

Rule (3) : During का प्रयोग ‘स्थिति’ (state) के भाव को अभिव्यक्त करने के लिए किया जाता है। जैसे—
The people suffer hardship during the war.

Rule (4) : During का प्रयोग ‘किसी कार्य के दौरान आदत’ को दिखाने के लिए भी किया जाता है। जैसे —
During the dinner he talked about his plan.

26. Use of ‘Against’

Rule (1) : Against का प्रयोग In contravention of (के विरुद्ध) के अर्थ में होता है। जैसे —
The workers have acted against the orders of the director.
One should not go against the rule.

Rule ( 2 ) : Against का प्रयोग opposite (के विपरीत/प्रतिकूल) के अर्थ में होता है। जैसे —
Sailing against the current is difficult.
It is difficult to paddle the cycle against the wind.

Rule (3) : Against का प्रयोग ‘पर’, ‘से सटकर’ के अर्थ में होता है। जैसे —
There is a ladder against the wall.
She is leaning against the chair.

Rule (4) : Against का प्रयोग तुलना (comparison) अभिव्यक्त के भाव को अभिव्यक्त करने के लिए किया जाता है। जैसे—
The director knows nothing against my character.
I am writing this book against the circumstances.

27. Use of ‘From’

Rule (1) : From का प्रयोग सामान्यतः ‘से’ के अर्थ में separation (अलगाव-स्थान से अलग होने) के भाव को अभिव्यक्त करने के लिए किया जाता है। जैसे—
He has come from Mumbai.
The wind blew from the South.

Rule (2) : From का प्रयोग ‘से’ के अर्थ में (time) समय के भाव को अभिव्यक्त करने के लिए किया जाता है। Present, past, future time को अभिव्यक्त करने वाले शब्दों के पहले होता है। जैसे —
My brother learnt English from the age of twelve.
I loved her from my childhood.

Rule (3) : From का प्रयोग ‘से’ के अर्थ में cause (कारण) के भाव को अभिव्यक्त करने के लिए किया जाता है। जैसे —
His beloved has been suffering from fever.

Rule (4) : From का प्रयोग ‘से’ के अर्थ में origin (स्रोत) के भाव को अभिव्यक्त करने के लिए किया जाता है। जैसे —
This story has been taken from the Panchatantra.

Rule (5) : From का प्रयोग ‘से’ के अर्थ में ‘एक वस्तु से भिन्न गुण वाली दूसरी वस्तु’ बनाने के भाव को अभिव्यक्त करने के लिए किया जाता है। जैसे —
Curd is made from milk. (दही दूध से बनाया जाता है।)
Furniture is made from wood. (फर्नीचर लकड़ी से बनाया जाता है।)

28. Use of ‘Across’

Rule (1) : Across का प्रयोग on the opposite side of (के उस पार/के पार) के अर्थ में होता है। जैसे —
My elder sister lives across the Ganga river.

Rule (2) : Across का प्रयोग from one side to the other (एक ओर से दूसरी ओर तक/एक छोर से दूसरे छोर तक) के अर्थ में होता है। जैसे —
There is a bridge across the river.

Rule (3) : Across का प्रयोग on both sides (के दोनों ओर) के अर्थ में होता है। जैसे —
There were trees across the house.
She was putting the shawl across her shoulders.

29. Use of ‘About’

Rule (1) : About का प्रयोग ‘के बारे में’/’के संबंध में’ के अर्थ में होता है। जैसे—
He has doubt about his honesty.
What do you know about this incident?

Rule (2) : About का प्रयोग लगभग, प्रायः, करीब-करीब के अर्थ में होता है। जैसे—
It is about eight O’clock.
The college is about six miles from my village.

Rule (3) : About का प्रयोग around (बाहर से चारों ओर) के अर्थ में होता है। जैसे —
The books were lying about the office. (ऑफिस के बाहर चारों ओर पुस्तकें पड़ी हुई थीं।)
A circle is drawn about a triangle. (त्रिभुज के बाहर चारों ओर एक वृत्त खींचा गया है।)

Rule (4) : About + Infinitive (to + V¹) का प्रयोग Immediate action को express (अभिव्यक्त) करने के लिए किया जाता है। जैसे—
He is about to die.
The election is about to begin.

30. Use of ‘Along’

Rule (1) : Along का प्रयोग ‘किनारे–किनारे’ (in the same line) के अर्थ में होता है। जैसे —
He was walking along the road.

Rule (2) : Along + with का प्रयोग ‘के साथ-साथ’ के अर्थ में होता है। जैसे —
Varsha went to Malasia along with her husband.

31. Use of ‘Before’

Rule (1) : Before का प्रयोग ‘के सामने’ (in presence of) के अर्थ में होता है। जैसे —
She was standing before the police inspector.
The case was brought before the judge.

Rule (2) : Before का प्रयोग ‘से पहले’ के अर्थ में होता है। जैसे —
I take meal before going to my tuition centre.
The patient had died before the doctor came.

ध्यान दें : (i) Long before का प्रयोग ‘बहुत पहले’ के अर्थ में होता है। जैसे—
The Indians knew farming long before the Europeans.
(ii) जबकि Before long का प्रयोग ‘शीघ्र’ (soon) के अर्थ में होता है। जैसे—
I shall go to my village before long.

32. Use of ‘After’

Rule (1) : After का प्रयोग ‘के बाद’ के अर्थ में Time expressing words (समय को सूचित करने वाले शब्दों) के पहले होता है। जैसे —
Tuesday comes after Monday.
April comes after March.

Rule (2) : After का प्रयोग ‘के बाद’ के अर्थ में place (स्थान) को सूचित करने वाले शब्दों के पहले होता है। जैसे —
B comes after A.
From Patna, Hazipur comes after the Ganga river.

Rule (3) : After का प्रयोग ‘के अनुसार’/के शैली में’ के अर्थ में होता है। जैसे —
These poems have been written after William Shakespeare.
ये कविताएँ विलियम शेक्सपीयर के शैली में लिखी गई हैं।

Rule (4) : After का प्रयोग phrasal terms में भी होता है। जैसे —

Day after day
Hoof after hoof
Village after village
After that
The day after tomorrow
One after another

33. Use of ‘With’

Rule (1) : With का प्रयोग ‘से/के द्वारा’ के अर्थ में Instrument/tool (औजार) के पहले होता है, जिसकी सहायता से कार्य किया जाता है। जैसे —
He writes with a pen.
He cuts the mango with a knife.

लेकिन pencil का प्रयोग Uncountable noun के रूप में होने पर, इसके पहले a का प्रयोग नही होता है, न ही with preposition का प्रयोग होता है। सिर्फ In preposition का प्रयोग होता है। जैसे —
He writes in pencil. (✓)      He writes with pencil. (x)
He writes in ink. (✓)          He writes in a pencil. (x)

Rule (2) : With का प्रयोग ‘लेकर’, ‘के साथ’/’साथ-साथ’ के अर्थ में होता है। जैसे —
Subodh went to Shimla with his wife.
His son went to college with his friends.

Rule (3) : With का प्रयोग ‘के रहते हुए भी’/’ के बाबजूद’ (in spite of) के अर्थ में होता है। जैसे —
With all his Wealth, he is unhappy.
With all his bad habits, he is a good man.

Rule (4) : With का प्रयोग ‘से’ के अर्थ में cause (कारण) के भाव को अभिव्यक्त करने के लिए किया जाता है। जैसे —
A young and beautiful girl was trembling with fear.
Your eyes are red with tears.

Rule (5) : With का प्रयोग separation (विलगाव/वियोग/जुदाई) के भाव को अभिव्यक्त करने के लिए किया जाता है। जैसे —
He parted with his beloved at Patna Junction.

Rule (6) : With का प्रयोग manner (तरीका) के भाव को अभिव्यक्त करने के लिए किया जाता है। जैसे—
The soldiers fought with courage.
The boys were sitting in the class with patience.

Rule (7) : With का प्रयोग affirmation (सहमति) तथा contrary (विरोध) के भाव को अभिव्यक्त करने के लिए किया जाता है। जैसे —
I was agreed with her for marriage.
The Indian soldiers will fight with the enemies.

Rule (8) : With का प्रयोग quality (गुण) तथा features (विशेषता) के भाव को अभिव्यक्त करने के लिए किया जाता है। जैसे —
A girl with big blue eyes reads in his class.
The man with his hands in his pockets was standing at the gate.

Rule (9) : With का प्रयोग निम्नलिखित शब्दों के बाद होता है। जैसे—
quarrel with
sympathy with
charged with
acquainted with
disgusted with
satisfied with
differ with
deal with

34. Use of ‘Without’

Without का प्रयोग सामान्यतः ‘के बिना/छोड़कर/रहित/के सिवा’ के अर्थ में होता है। जैसे—
A woman cannot live without a man.
We cannot live without water.
We cannot see without eyes.

Note : Without delay का प्रयोग शीघ्र (soon) तथा without doubt का प्रयोग ‘निश्चित रूप से’ (certainly) के अर्थ में होता है।

35. Use of ‘Within’

Rule (1) : Within का प्रयोग ‘के भीतर/के अंदर’ के अर्थ में समय तथा स्थान के भाव को अभिव्यक्त करने वाले शब्दों के पहले होता है। जैसे —
I shall do it within an hour.
He will come within this month.

Note : Within का अर्थ before the end of a period of time होता है, जबकि In का अर्थ at the end of a period of time होता है।

Rule (2) : Within का प्रयोग ‘के अन्दर’ के अर्थ में capability (सामर्थ्य) तथा limitation (सीमा) के भाव को अभिव्यक्त करने के लिए किया जाता है। जैसे —
We should keep our expenses within our income.
This is within a kilometre.

36. Use of ‘Towards’

Rule (1) : Towards का प्रयोग सामान्यतः in the direction of (की ओर) के अर्थ में होता है। जैसे—
He was going towards the college.
She went towards office.

Rule (2) : Towards का प्रयोग ‘के प्रति’ के अर्थ में होता है। जैसे—
My brother is kind towards the poor.

Rule (3) : Towards का प्रयोग ‘के निकट’/’के लगभग’ (nearly) के अर्थ में होता है। जैसे —
It is now towards night. अभी रात लगभग है।

37. Use of ‘To’

Rule (1) : To का प्रयोग ‘की ओर’ के अर्थ में लक्ष्य (destination) को बताने के लिए किया जाता है। जैसे —
He was going to Patna Market.
She is going to Patna College.

Rule (2) : To का प्रयोग ‘तक’ के अर्थ में time तथा place को सूचित करने वाले शब्दों के पहले होता है। जैसे —
She waited for me from morning to evening.
The postman delivers the letters from door to door.

Rule (3) : To का प्रयोग इस प्रकार होता है। जैसे —
Go/Get/Come/Send somebody/Send something + to + a place

But — leave for a place, start for a place का प्रयोग होता है।

Note : (i) सामान्यतः home के पहले ‘to’ का प्रयोग नहीं होता है। लेकिन for का प्रयोग होता है। जैसे —
You should leave for home. (✓)
You should leave to home. (×)

(ii) Possessive Adjectives/phrase + home के पहले ‘to’ का प्रयोग होता है। जैसे —
I went to her home last night. (✓)
I went her home last night. (x)

Rule (4) : To का प्रयोग ‘पहले’ के अर्थ time (समय) के भाव को अभिव्यक्त करने के लिए किया जाता है। जैसे —
It is quarter to ten.
It is ten minutes to ten.

Rule (5) : ‘To’ का प्रयोग ‘पर’ के अर्थ में होता है। जैसे—
He was invited to tea.
Her mother invited me to dinner.

Rule (6) : ‘To ‘ का प्रयोग ‘के प्रति’ के अर्थ में होता है। जैसे —
He must be careful to his duty.
Show affection to your neighbours.

Rule (7) : To का प्रयोग ‘को’ के अर्थ में होता है। जैसे —
The landlord gave money to all.

Rule (8) : ‘To’ का प्रयोग ‘से’ के अर्थ में होता है। जैसे—
Harishchandra always spoke the truth to the people.
He said to me.

Rule (9) : ‘To’ का प्रयोग ‘तुलना’ (comparison) के भाव को अभिव्यक्त करने के लिए किया जाता है। जैसे —
They won by six goals to three.
He was junior to all his friends.

Rule (10) : ‘To’ का प्रयोग पास/समीप के अर्थ में होता है। जैसे —
The girl went to her lover.
He came to me.

Rule (11) : ‘To’ का प्रयोग ‘के लिए’ के अर्थ में होता है। जैसे —
He goes to walk in the morning.
My uncle came to see me.

Note : Intention (इरादा), purpose (उद्देश्य), restriction (प्रतिबंध) के भाव को अभिव्यक्त करने के लिए भी to का प्रयोग होता है। जैसे—
He is to write a letter.
He has to do this work.

ध्यान दें : For तथा since के प्रयोग संबंधित नियम time and tense chapter में बता दिया गया है।

Words followed by Appropriate Prepositions

Verbs followed by Prepositions

Abide by a promise
Abound in/with fish
Absolve of/from a charge
Abstain from wine
Accord with something
Accord something to somebody
Account for a fact
Accuse of some misdeed
Acquit of blame
Adapt (oneself) to circumstances
Adhere to something
Admit of an excuse
Admit to a secret
Agree to a proposal
Agree with a person
Aim at an object
Alight from a carriage
Alight on the ground
Allot to a person
Allude to a fact
Answer to a person
Answer for something
Apologize to a person
Apologize for conduct
Appeal to a person
Appeal for redress or help
Appeal against a sentence
Apply to a person for a thing
Approve of an action
Argue with a person for/against a point
Arrive at a small place
Arrive in a country or large city
Ask for a thing
Ask of a person
Assent to your terms
Assure a person of a fact
Attend to business
Attend on a person
Avail oneself of an opportunity
Avenge oneself on a person
Bark at a person or thing
Bear with a man’s impatience
Become of you
Beg pardon of a person
Beg a person to do a thing
Beg for something
Believe in a person or creed
Belong to a person
Beware of the dog
Blame a person for something
Boast of one’s cleverness
Borrow from a person
Break into a house — thieves
Break ill news to a person
Bring a thing to light
Burst into tears
Call on a person (visit him at his house)
Call to (shout to) a person
Care for a person or thing
Challenge a man to combat
Charge a man with a crime
Clear a man of a crime
Cling to a person or thing
Come across (accidentally meet) anyone
Comment on a matter
Communicate a thing to a person
Communicate with a person on a subject
Compare with (for similar things)
Compare to (for dissimilar things)
Compensate a person for his loss
Compete with a person for a prize
Complain against a person
Complain to a person
Comply with one’s wishes
Conceal facts from anyone
Condemn a person to death
Condemn a person for murder
Condole with a person
Confess to a fault
Confer a thing on anyone
Confer with a person about something
Conform to a rule
Conform with one’s views
Congratulate a man on his success
Consent to some proposal
Consist of materials
Convict a person of a crime
Convince a person of a fact
Cope with a person or task
Correspond with a person (write)
Correspond to something (agree)
Crave for happiness
Cure a man of a disease
Cut a thing in or into pieces
Deal in rice
Deal with a person
Debar from doing anything
Decide on something
Decide against something
Declare for something
Declare against something
Defend a person from harm
Defer to a man’s wishes
Delight in music
Depend on a person or thing
Deprive a person of a thing
Deviate from a certain course
Die of a disease
Die from some cause
Differ with a person on a subject
Disagree with a person
Disapprove of anything
Dispense with a man’s services
Dissent from an opinion
Dissuade from an action
Distinguish one thing from another
Distinguish between two things
Divert a person from a purpose
Divide in half or into four parts
Dream of strange things
Drive at some point
Eat into iron
Enquire into a matter
Enquire of a person about something
Entrust anyone with a thing
Entrust a thing to anyone
Escape from jail
Exchange one thing for another
Exempt a person from a rule
Explain to a person
Fail in an attempt
Fall among thieves
Fall in love with a person
Fall on the enemy (attack)
Feed on grass
Feed a cow with grass
Fight for the weak against the strong
Fight with or against a person
Flirt with a person
Furnish a person with a thing
Furnish a thing to a person
Glance at an object
Glance over a letter
Guard against a bad habit
Guess at something
Hanker after riches
Happen to a person
Hear of an event
Hide a thing from a person
Hinder one from doing something
Hint at an intention
Hope for something
Hunt after/for anything
Impart a thing to a person
Impose on a person
Incite a person to some action
Increase in wisdom
Indulge in wine
Indulge oneself with wine
Inform a person of a thing
Inform against a person
Insist on doing something
Inspire a man with courage
Intersect with each other
Introduce a man to someone
Invest money in some project
Invite a man to dinner
Judge a person by his deeds
Jump to a conclusion
Knock at a door
Know of a person
Lament for the dead
Laugh at a person or thing
Lean against a wall
Lean on a staff
Lean to a certain opinion
Listen to somebody/something
Live for riches or fame
Live by honest labour
Live on a small income
Live within one’s means
Long for anything
Look after a person or business
Look at a person or thing
Look into (closely examine) a matter
Look for something lost
Look through (examine carefully) an account
Look up a reference
Make some meaning of a thing
Make up (invent) a story
Marry one person to another
Match one thing with another
Meddle with other men’s business
Mourn for the dead
Object to some proposal
Part with a person or thing
Pay (suffer) for one’s folly
Persist in doing something
Play on/upon a musical instrument
Play tricks on a person
Plot against a man
Plunge into a river
Ponder on/over a subject
Pounce on a person or thing
Prefer one thing to another
Preside at a meeting
Preside over a meeting
Prevent from doing something
Pride oneself on a thing
Prohibit from doing something
Protect from harm
Provide against a rainy day
Provide oneself with something
Provoke a man to anger
Quarrel with someone over/about something
Rebel against authority
Recover from an illness
Refer to a matter
Refrain from doing wrong
Rejoice at the success of another
Rejoice in one’s own success
Relate to a matter
Revenge oneself on someone for some injury
Revolt against government
Rob a person of something
Rule over a country
Run after a person or thing
Run at a cat
Run into debt
Search for something lost
Search into (carefully examine) a matter
Seek after/for happiness
Send for a person or thing
Set about (begin working at) a business
Set on/upon (attack) a traveller
Share in another’s troubles
Shelter from rain
Shoot at a target
Smell of fish
Speak of a subject (briefly)
Speak on a subject (at greater length)
Speak to a friend
Stand against (resist) an enemy
Stand by (support) a friend
Stand to (maintain) one’s opinion
Stare at a person
Stare a person in the face
Start for Kolkata
Stick to the point
Strike at (aim a blow at) a dog
Strike for higher pay
Strip a person of his clothes/property
Struggle for the right
Struggle against a wrong
Submit to an authority
Suffer from a disease
Succeed to a property
Succeed in an undertaking
Sue for peace
Supply a thing to a person
Supply a person with a thing
Surrender to the enemy
Sweep the dirt off the floor
Sympathize with a person in his troubles
Take after (resemble) his father
Take a person for a spy
Take to gambling
Talk of/about an event
Talk to a person
Taste of salt
Tell of/about an event
Think of/about anything
Think over (consider) a matter
Throw a stone at anyone
Trade with a country in oranges
Tremble with fear at a lion
Trifle with a man’s feelings
Trust in a person
Trust to a man’s honesty
Trust a man with money
Turn verse into prose
Vote for anything
Vote against a thing
Wait at table
Wait for a person or thing
Wait on (attend) a person
Warn a person of danger
Warn a person against a fault
Wish for anything
Withdraw from a contest
Yearn for affection
Yield to clamour

Nouns followed by Prepositions

Ability for/in some work
Abundance of food
Access to a person or place
Accession to the throne
(In) accordance with rule
Accusation of theft.
Acquaintance with a person or thing
Admission to a society of persons
Admission into a place
Affection for a person
Allusion to something
Ambition for distinction
Amends for some fault
Anxiety for anyone’s safety
Apology for some fault
Appetite for food
Apprehension of danger
Aptitude for mathematics
Arrival at a place
Arrival in a country
Assault on a person or thing
Assent to an opinion
Assurance of help
Attack on a person or place
Attention to study
Attraction to or towards a thing
Authority over a person
Authority on a subject
Authority for saying or doing
Bar to success
Bargain with a person
Bargain for a thing
Battle with anyone
Candidate for election
Care for his safety
Care of his books
Cause for anxiety
Cause of trouble
Caution against error
Certainty about a matter
Certificate of good conduct
Claim to something
Claim on or against someone
Comment on something
Comparison with a person or thing
Compassion for a person
Compensation for a loss
Competition with a person
Competition for a thing
Complaint against a person
Complaint about a thing
Connection with a person or thing
Consciousness of guilt
Contact with something
Control over a person or thing
Conversation with a person
Conviction of guilt
Craving for anything
Correspondence with a person
Decision on some case
Decision of some dispute
Degradation from rank
Delight in a person or thing
Desire for wealth
Deviation from rule
Disagreement with a person
Discouragement to a person
Disgrace to a person
Disgust at meanness
Doubt of or about a thing
Drawback to success
Duty to a person
Enmity with a person
Enquiry into circumstances
Envy at another’s success
Escape from punishment
Exception to a rule
Excuse for a fault
Exemption from a penalty
Experience of a thing
Experience in doing something
Exposure to danger
Faith in a person or thing
Familiarity with a person or thing
Fine for an offence
Fondness for anything
Freedom from care
Freedom of action
Glance at a person or thing
Glance over a wide surface
Gratitude for a thing
Gratitude to a person
Guess at the truth
Harmony with anything
Hatred of a thing or person
Heir to some property
Heir of some person
Hindrance to anything
Hint at some reward
Hope of better luck
Identity with a person or thing
Incentive to industry
Inclination to or for study
Indifference to heat or cold
Influence over a person
Influence on a man’s action
Insight into a man’s character
Intercourse with a person
Interest in a subject
Interest with a person
Interference with a man’s affairs
Interview with a person
Intimacy with a person
Judge of a matter
Justification of or for crime
Key to a problem
Lecture on a subject
Liking for a person or thing
Limit to a man’s zeal
Longing for or after a thing
Lust for money
Match for a person
Motive for action
Need for assistance
(In) need of assistance
Neglect of duty
Objection to a proposal
Obligation to a person
Offence against morality
Opportunity for action
Opposition to a person
Order for or against doing a thing
Partnership in a thing
Partnership with a person
Precaution against infection
Preface to a book
Proficiency in mathematics
Progress in study
Prejudice against a person
Protest against a decision
Proportion of three to one
Ratio of one to six
Reference to a person or thing
Regret for something done
Relation of one thing to another
Relation between two things
Remedy for or against snakebite
Repentance for sin
Reply to a letter
Request for a thing
Resemblance to a person or thing
Resistance to injustice.
Respect for a man or his office
Revolt against authority
Rival in anything
Search for or after wealth
(In) search of wealth
Share with a person
Sin against God
Submission to authority
Succession to an estate
Supplement to a book
Sympathy with or for the poor
Temptation to evil
Traitor to his country
Trust in his honesty
Victory over his passions
Want of money
Witness of or to an event
Wonder at his rudeness
Zeal for a cause
Zest for enjoyment.

Adjectives & Participles followed by Prepositions

Absent from class
Abounding in or with fish
Absorbed in study
Acceptable to a person
Accomplished in an art
Accountable to a person
Accountable for a thing
Accurate in his statistics
Accused of a crime
Accustomed to riding/work
Acquainted with a person or thing
Acquitted of a charge
Addicted to gambling/wine
Adjacent to a place
Adverse to his interests
Affectionate to a person
Afflicted with rheumatism
Afraid of death
Agreeable to his wishes
Akin to a person or thing
Alarmed at a noise
Alien to his character
Alive to a situation
Amazed at anything
Ambitious of distinction
Angry at a thing
Angry with a person
Annoyed at a thing
Annoyed with a person
Answerable to a person for his conduct
Anxious for his safety
Anxious about the result
Apparent to anyone
Applicable to a case
Apprehensive of danger
Appropriate to an occasion
Ashamed of something/somebody/myself
Associated with something/somebody
Assured of the truth
Astonished at his rudeness
Astonishing to a person
Aware of his intentions
Based on facts
Bent on doing something
Blessed with a child/good health
Blind to his own faults
Blind of the eye
Born of rich parents
Born in England
Capable of improvement
Careful of his money
Careful about his dress
Certain of success
Clear of blame
Close to a person or thing
Clothed in red
Clothed with shame
Common to several persons or things
Competent for certain work
Composed of a material
Condemned to death
Conducive to success
Confident of success
Conscious of a fault
Confined to a house
Contrary to a rule
Convicted of a crime
Cured of a disease
Deaf to entreaties
Deficient in energy
Delighted with success
Dependent on a person or thing
Deprived of some good things
Disappointed of a thing not obtained
Disappointed in a thing obtained
Disappointed with a person
Disgusted with a thing
Displeased with a person
Disqualified for a post
Disqualified from competing
Distinct from something else
Doubtful of success
Due to some cause
Dull of understanding
Eager for distinction
Eager in the pursuit of knowledge
Effective for a purpose
Eligible for employment
Eminent for his learning
Employed in gardening
Empty of its contents
Enraged at something done
Entitled to a hearing
Envious of another’s success
Exempted from a fine
Exhausted with labour
Exposed to danger
Faithful to a master
False of heart
False to his friends
Familiar with a language
Familiar (well known) to a person
Famous for his learning
Fascinated with a person or thing
Fatigued with travelling
Fearful of consequences
Fertile in resources
Fit for a position
Fond of music
Free from blame
Full of persons or things
Gifted with abilities
Glad at a result
Good for nothing
Good at cricket
Grateful to somebody for something
Guilty of theft
Healed of a disease
Held in high esteem
Honest in his dealings
Hopeful of success
Horrified at the sight
Hostile to an idea
Hungry for something
Hurtful to health
Ignorant of Latin
Ill with fever
Inclined to laziness
Inclusive of extras
Indebted to a person
Indebted for some kindness
Indebted in a large sum
Indifferent to heat or cold
Infected with smallpox
Infested with rats
Innocent of a charge
Insensible to shame
Inspired with hope
Interested in a person or thing
Intimate with a person
Introduced to a person
Introduced into a place
Involved in difficulties
Irrelevant to the question
Irrespective of consequences
Jealous of one’s reputation
Lame in one leg
Level with the ground
Liable to error
Liable for payment
Limited to a certain area
Loyal to the government
Made for someone
Made of iron
Mistaken for a traveller
Moved to tears
Moved with pity
Moved at the sight
Moved by entreaties
Natural to a person
Negligent of duty
Negligent in his work
Notorious for his misdeeds
Obedient to parents
Obliged to a person
Obliged for some kindness
Obstinate in his resistance
Offended with a person
Offended at something done
Opposite to a place
Overcome with sorrow
Overwhelmed with grief
Painful to one’s feelings
Parallel to or with anything
Peculiar to a person or thing
Polite in manner
Polite to strangers
Poor in spirit
Popular with schoolfellows
Possessed of wealth
Possessed with a notion
Precious to a person
Proficient in mathematics
Profitable to an investor
Prompt in doing something
Proud of one’s work/position
Qualified for teaching physics
Quarrelsome with everyone
Quick of understanding
Quick at mathematics
Reduced to poverty
Regardless of consequences
Related to a person
Relevant to the point
Repentant of his sin
Respectful to one’s superiors
Responsible to a person
Responsible for his actions
Revenged on a person for doing something
Rid of trouble
Satisfied with one’s work
Sensitive to blame
Shocked at your behaviour
Shocking to everyone
Short of money
Sick of waiting
Silent about/on a subject
Similar to a person or thing
Simultaneous with an event
Skilful in doing a thing
Slow of hearing
Slow in making up his mind
Slow at accounts
Sorry for/about something
Stained with blood
Startled at a sight
Strange to a person
Subject to authority
Subsequent to another event
Subordinate to a person
Sufficient for a purpose
Suitable to the occasion
Suitable for his income
Suited to the occasion
Suited for the post
Sure of success
Sympathetic with sufferers
Synonymous with another word
Thankful for past favours
Tired of doing something
Tired with his exertions
True to one’s words
Unfit for the job
Unjust to a person
Uneasy about consequences
Useful for a certain purpose
Versed in mathematics
Vested in a person
Vexed with a person for doing something
Vexed at a thing
Wanting in common sense
Weak of understanding
Weak in his head
Weary of doing nothing
Welcome to my house
Worthy of praise

– : समाप्त : –