Class 10th English : प्रिय विद्यार्थियों, “Mindbloom Study” (#1 Online Study Portal) आपके लिए लाया है Class 10th English Chapter 8 “Little Girls Wiser Than Man” by Leo Tolstoy का हिंदी अनुवाद, Summary, Objective And Subjective Questions
Little Girls Wiser Than Man
IT WAS AN EARLY EASTER. Sledging was only just over; snow still lay in the yards; and water ran in streams down the village street.
Two little girls from different houses happened to meet in a lane between two homesteads, where the dirty water after running through the fam-yards had formed a large puddle. One girl was very small, the other a little bigger. Their mothers had dressed them both in new frocks. The little one wore a blue frock the other a yellow print, and both had red kerchiefs on their heads. They had just come from church when they met, and first they showed each other their finery, and then they began to play. Soon the fancy took them to splash about in the water, and the smaller one was going to step into the puddle, shoes and all, when the elder checked her:
‘Don’t go in so, Malásha,’ said she, ‘your mother will scold you. I will take off my shoes and stockings, and you take off yours.’
They did so, and then, picking up their skirts began walking towards each other through the puddle. The water came up to Malásha’s ankles, and she said:
‘It is deep, Akoulya, I’m afraid!’
“Come on, replied the other. ‘Don’t be frightened. It won’t get any deeper.’
When they got near one another, Akoúlya said:
‘Mind, Malásha, don’t splash. Walk carefully!’
She had hardly said this, when Malásha plumped down her foot so that the water splashed right on to Akoúlya’s frock. The frock was splashed, and so were Akoúlya’s eyes and nose. When she saw the stains on her frock, she was angry and ran after Malásha to strike her. Malásha was frightened, and seeing that she had got herself into trouble, she scrambled out of the puddle, and prepared to run home. Just then Akoúlya’s mother happened to be passing, and seeing that her daughter’s skirt was splashed, and her sleeves dirty, she said:
‘You naughty, dirty girl, what have you been doing?’
‘Malásha did it on purpose’, replied the girl.
At this Akoúlya’s mother seized Malásha, and struck her on the back of her neck. Malásha began to howl so that she could be heard all down the street. Her mother came out.
‘What are you beating my girl for?’ said she; and began scolding her neighbour. One word led to another and they had an angry quarrel. The men came out and a crowd collected in the street, everyone shouting and no one listening. They all went on quarrelling, till one gave another a push, and the affair had very nearly come to blows, when Akoúlya’s old grandmother, stepping in among them, tried to calm them.
‘What are you thinking of, friends? Is it right to behave so? On a day like this, too! It is a time for rejoicing, and not for such folly as this.’
They would not listen to the old woman and nearly knocked her off her feet. And she would not have been able to quiet the crowd, if it had not been for Akoúlya and Malásha themselves. While the women were abusing each other, Akoúlya had wiped the mud off her frock, and gone back to the puddle. She took a stone and began scraping away the earth in front of the puddle to make a channel through which the water could run out into the street. Presently Malásha joined her, and with a chip of wood helped her dig the channel. Just as the men were beginning to fight, the water from the little girls’ channel ran streaming into the street towards the very place where the old woman was trying to pacify the men. The girls followed it; one running each side of the little stream.
‘Catch it, Malásha! Catch it!’ shouted Akoúlya; while Malásha could not speak for laughing.
Highly delighted, and watching the chip float along on their stream, the little girls ran straight into the group of men; and the old woman, seeing them, said to the men:
Are you not ashamed of yourselves? To go fighting on account of these lassies, when they themselves have forgotten all about it, and are playing happily together. Dear little souls! They are wiser than you!’
The men looked at the little girls, and were ashamed, and, laughing at themselves, went back each to his own home.
‘Except ye turn, and become as little children, ye shall in no wise enter into the kingdom of heaven.’
MAIN POINT FOR EXAMINATION
ANSWER QUESTIONS
Q1) Which festival is referred by the writer? (लेखक ने किस त्यौहार का उल्लेख किया है?)
Answer :– The writer referred about ‘Easter’. (लेखक ने ‘ईस्टर’ का उल्लेख किया था।)
Q2) Why was sledging over? (स्लेजिंग क्यों खत्म हो गई थी?)
Answer :– Sledging was over because the snow was reduced. (बर्फ़ कम होने के कारण स्लेजिंग ख़त्म हो गई थी।)
Q3) Why was water running in streams down the villages street? (गाँव की सड़कों पर पानी क्यों बह रहा था?)
Answer :– Water was running in streams down the villages street because due to heat snow cover has converted into water. (गाँव की सड़कों पर पानी बह रहा था क्योंकि गर्मी के कारण बर्फ की परत पानी में बदल गई थी।)
Q4) Where do two little girls meet? (दो छोटी लड़कियाँ कहाँ मिलती हैं?)
Answer :– The two little girls meet near the puddle. (दो छोटी लड़कियाँ पोखर के पास मिलती हैं।)
Q5) Are they of same age? (क्या दोनों लड़कियाँ एक ही उम्र के हैं?)
Answer :– They are not of the same age. One girl was very small, the other a little bigger. (वे एक ही उम्र के नहीं हैं। एक लड़की बहुत छोटी थी, दूसरी थोड़ी बड़ी ।)
Q6) Why did Akoulya try to check Malasha? (अकुल्या ने मलाशा को रोकने का प्रयास क्यों किया?)
Answer :– Akoulya checked Malasha so that she didn’t fall. (अकुल्या ने मलाशा को रोकने का प्रयास किया ताकि वह गिरे नहीं।)
Q7) What advice did Akoulya offer? (अकुल्या ने क्या सलाह दी?)
Answer :– She said her not to go in as her mother would scold her and to open her shoes and stockings. (उसने उससे कहा कि वह अंदर न जाए क्योंकि उसकी माँ उसे डांटेगी और अपने जूते और मोज़े खोलने का आदेश देती है।)
Q8) Why did Akoulya shout at Malasha?
Answer :– Akoulya shouted at Malasha because she make her new frock dirty. (अकुल्या मलाशा पर चिल्लाई क्योंकि उसने उसकी नई फ्रॉक गंदी कर दी थी।)
Q9) What happened when Malasha’s mother came out after hearing her howl? (क्या हुआ जब मलाशा की माँ उसकी चीख सुनकर बाहर आई?)
Answer :– When Akoulya’s mother struck Malasha on the back of her neck, the latter began to howl. Malasha’s mother came out after hearing her howl. She asked Akoulya’s mother angrily why she was beating her daughter. She began scolding her neighbour and they had an angry quarrel. (जब अकुल्या की माँ ने मलाशा को थपड़ मारी तो वह चिल्लाने लगी। मलाशा की चीख सुनकर उसकी माँ बाहर आई। उसने गुस्से में अकुल्या की मां से पूछा कि वह उसकी बेटी को क्यों पीट रही है। वह अपने पड़ोसी को डांटने लगी और उनके बीच गुस्से में झगड़ा हो गया।)
Q10) Why was no one listening? (कोई क्यों नहीं सुन रहा था?)
Answer :– As everyone was shouting and quarrelling, so no one was listening to anybody. (चूंकि हर कोई चिल्ला रहा था और झगड़ रहा था, इसलिए कोई किसी की बात नहीं सुन रहा था।)
Q11) Did the old woman succeed in her effort? (क्या बुढ़िया अपने प्रयास में सफल हुई?)
Answer :– The old woman did not succeed in her effort. (बुढ़िया अपने प्रयास में सफल नहीं हुई।)
Q12) What did Akoulya do while other women were abusing each other? (जब अन्य महिलाएँ एक-दूसरे को गालियाँ दे रही थीं तो अकुल्या ने क्या किया?)
Answer :– When the women were abusing each other, Akoulya wiped the mud off her frock and went back to the puddle. She took a stone and began scraping away the earth in front of the puddle. She made a channel through which water could run out into the street. (जब महिलाएँ एक-दूसरे को गालियाँ दे रही थीं तब अकुल्या ने अपनी फ्रॉक से कीचड़ पोंछा और वापस पोखर के पास चली गई। उसने एक पत्थर लिया और पोखर के सामने की धरती को कुरेदने लगी। उसने एक चैनल बनाया जिसके माध्यम से पानी सड़क पर बह सकता था।)
Q13) Why did the old woman say to the crowd “Are you not ashamed of yourselves?” (बुढ़िया ने भीड़ से क्यों कहा “क्या तुम्हें शर्म नहीं आती?”)
Answer :– The old woman saw that the little girls had forgotten fight and had started playing together, while the men and women were fighting. So she said that they should be ashamed of yourselves. (बुढ़िया ने देखा कि छोटी लड़कियाँ लड़ाई भूल गई हैं और एक साथ खेलने लगी हैं, जबकि पुरुष और महिलाएँ अभी भी लड़ रहे थे। तो उन्होंने कहा कि उन्हें शर्म आनी चाहिए।)
Q14) What did the two girls do when men started fighting? (जब बड़े लोग लड़ने लगे तो दोनों लड़कियों ने क्या किया?)
Answer :– Malasha and Akoulya were two little girls who were neighbours. One day Malasha made Akoulya’s new frock dirty while they were playing. This led to an angry quarrel between their mothers. A large number of men gathered in the street and started fighting. The two girls forget what had happened they started playing together and made a channel through which the water of the puddle could run out into the street. The water from the channel ran towards the place where the men were fighting. (मलाशा और अकुल्या दो छोटी लड़कियाँ थीं जो पड़ोसी भी थीं। एक दिन मलाशा ने खेलते समय अकुल्या की नई फ्रॉक गंदी कर दी। इससे उनकी माताओं के बीच झगड़ा हो गया। बड़ी संख्या में लोग सड़क पर जमा हो गये और मारपीट करने लगे। दोनों लड़कियाँ भूल गईं कि क्या हुआ तथा दोनों एक साथ खेलना शुरू कर दिया और एक नली बनाया जिसके माध्यम से सड़क के गढ़ों का पानी सड़क पर बह सकता था। गढ़ों का पानी उस स्थान की ओर बह गया जहाँ वे लोग लड़ रहे थे।)
Q15) Why does the writer call the two little girls “Dear little souls” ? (लेखक दो छोटी लड़कियों को “प्रिय छोटी आत्माएं” क्यों कहते हैं?)
Answer :– In the story “Little Girls Wiser than Man”, Leo Tolstoy calls the two little girls “Dear little souls”. The two little girls Malasha and Akoulya quarrel over a petty issue. Their quarrel leads to an angry quarrel between their mothers. They forget all about their quarrel after a few minutes. They play together happily but their mothers and neighbours go on fighting. (“छोटी लड़कियाँ बड़े लोगों से ज़्यादा समझदार” कहानी में, लियो टॉल्स्टॉय दो छोटी लड़कियों को “प्रिय छोटी आत्माएँ” कहते हैं। दो छोटी लड़कियाँ मलाशा और अकुल्या एक छोटी सी बात पर झगड़ती हैं। उनका झगड़ा उनकी माताओं के बीच गुस्से वाले झगड़े का कारण बनता है। वे कुछ मिनटों के बाद अपने झगड़े के बारे में सब भूल जाते हैं। वे खुशी-खुशी एक साथ खेलते हैं लेकिन उनकी मां और पड़ोसी लड़ते रहते हैं।)
B1.2. Say True (T) or False (F) to the following statements:
1. Akoúlaya and Maláha take off their shoes and stockings.
2. They do not walk towards each other in the puddle.
3. Malásha assures Akoúlaya that water is not deep.
4. Malásha splases water.
5. Akoúlaya ran to strike Malásha.
6. Malásha purposely splashes water.
B 1.3. Complete the pharagraph on the basis of the unit you have just studied :
They all went …on… quarrelling, till one gave another …a push…, and the affair had very …nearly… come to blows, when Akoúlya’s old grandmother, stepping …in… among them, tried to …calm… them. ‘What are you thinking of, friends? Is it right to …behave… so? On a day …like… this, too! It is a time …for… rejoicing, and not for such folly …as… this.’
– : The End : –